The initial censorship convinced me that Bernardo De Torres was an important figure that needed to be looked at very closely. At first most of my information came from a former employee of the Australian Secret Intelligence Service (ASIS). I will call him Daniel Ralston (this is not his real name or the name that he currently uses). He went on to do freelance work for the Central Intelligence Agency (CIA). During this period he became friends with people who were intimately involved in the assassination. He claimed that David Sanchez Morales, who worked at JM/WAVE, the CIA station in Miami had organised the assassination. Morales was operations chief for the CIA's covert operation to train and infiltrate teams into Cuba to destabilize the Fidel Castro government. The role of De Torres was to make sure that those involved in the assassination did not talk about it afterwards.

Ralston had a huge collection of photographs of people he told me were involved in the events surrounding the assassinations. This included CIA agents and people they used to carry out certain illegal activities. Some of these looked like surveillance photographs, whereas others were fairly intimate family photographs. He encouraged me to publish most of these photographs but some he asked me not to do this as it would get him into trouble with dangerous people. He seemed particularly scared of De Torres.

I tried to get an interview with De Torres but he refused to talk to me. However, one of his children, did agree to give me information on her father. Some of his former colleagues also gave me information. De Torres had also been mentioned in a couple of books on the assassinations of John F. Kennedy and Orlando Letelier. He was also mentioned in books on the international drug trade and CIA backed coups in South America. This is his story.

Bernardo De Torres was born in Havana, Cuba, in 1934. He moved to the United States in 1955 and later worked as a private investigator in Miami. De Torres was a strong opponent of Fidel Castro and during the Bay of Pigs Operation was Chief of Intelligence for Brigade 2506 where he worked under David Sanchez Morales. During the invasion he was captured and was held in captivity until 24th December, 1962. On his release he joined his brother Carlos in Miami. (6)

According to his daughter: "He (De Torres) was already working with the CIA against him (Castro) in 1959. After he came back from the invasion he was in critical condition for a of couple months. He was shot in the back of his head beneath his cerebellum and the bullet broke into five pieces. He went under surgery and had four of those pieces removed. One had to stay because it was too close to an area that if accidentally harmed could make him paralyzed." (7)

In 1963 De Torres resumed work as a private investigator. According to Gerry P. Hemming De Torres worked for Charles Siragusa, who was involved in foreign assassinations. (8) Hemming had established Interpen (Intercontinental Penetration Force) and De Torres became associated with several of the Interpen members, including Loran Hall, Roy Hargraves, William Seymour, Lawrence Howard, Steve Wilson, Howard K. Davis, Edwin Collins, James Arthur Lewis and Dennis Harber. (9)

Gaeton Fonzi points out in a memorandum to Robert Tanenbaum: "Torres was among a group of ten Cubans who helped Secret Service men protect President Kennedy when he visited Miami four days before his assassination. The latter is interesting because the only one who ever had a story of localities assisting Secret Service men here in Miami on Kennedy's visit was Jerry Patrick Hemming, who says he also was involved in that security effort. Miami Police reports list Torres as an associate of Anselmo Leon Alliegro, an old pal of Hemming's. Police once found a quantity of explosives and weapons in Alliegro's home. Alliegro said they belonged to Torres." (10)

Tom Bethell, who worked for New Orleans district attorney Jim Garrison, interviewed Hemming about Interpen and he claimed that in 1963 there were "numerous teams with paramilitary inclinations out to 'get' Kennedy. Some of these teams had been approached by wealthy entrepreneurs of the H. L. Hunt type, (though not, I think, in fact H.L. Hunt), who were interested in seeing the job done and even provided financial assistance." (Haroldson L. Hunt, a wealthy oil man from Texas.) After the assassination of Kennedy members of these teams "have been returning to their sponsors, taking credit for the assassination, and at the same time requesting large additional sums of money so that they won't be tempted to talk about it to anyone. In turn, the sponsors have apparently been hiring Mafia figures to rid themselves of these blackmailers." (11)

Silvia Odio was a member of the anti-Castro group Junta Revolucionaria Cubana (JURE). Her father Amador Odio, was among Cuba's wealthiest men, the owner of the country's largest trucking business. However, he had fought Cuban dictators and helped to overthrow General Gerardo Machado in 1933. He was an early supporter of Castro, but had turned against him when "Fidel betrayed the Revolution" and along with Manuel Ray, had helped form one of the first anti-Castro groups within Cuba. (12)

Odio later told the FBI and the Warren Commission that on 25th September, 1963, while living in Dallas, she received a visit from three men who claimed they were from New Orleans. Two of the men, Leopoldo and Angel, were Cubans, who said they were members of JURE. The third man, who they named as Leon Oswald, was introduced as an American sympathizer who was willing to take part in the assassination of Fidel Castro. After she told them that she was unwilling to get involved in any criminal activity, the three men left. Odio later identified Leon as Lee Harvey Oswald. (13)

The following day Leopoldo called her on the telephone. He told her it was his idea to introduce the American into the underground "because he is great, he is kind of nuts". Leopoldo also said that the American had been in the marine corps and was an excellent shot, and that the American said the Cubans "don't have any guts because President Kennedy should have been assassinated after the Bay of Pigs, and some Cubans should have done that, because he was the one that was holding the freedom of Cuba actually." (14)

A report carried out by the FBI suggested that the three men may have been members of Interpen (Loran Hall, William Seymour and Lawrence Howard). Hall admitted they "had gone to the apartment of a Cuban woman who lived in a garden style apartment located on Magellan Circle in Dallas... and said that he could not picture this woman in his mind now. He said that her name was possibly Odio. He said that he seemed to recognize this woman's name as Odio because of the association with the name of the Cuban professor who had the same name." (15)

Angelo Murgado was another member of the anti-Castro Cubans who was associated with Bernardo De Torres. He was a member of a group led by Manuel Artime. In August 1963, Murgado and Artime had a meeting with Robert F. Kennedy. Murgado warned the attorney general about the behaviour of some anti-Castro Cubans: "I told him that we have to keep a sharp look on those Cubans. I was afraid that one of our guys would go crazy... The same way that a lot of people are trying to hit Castro, there are a lot of people trying to hit the president of the United States... We have a lot of crazy sons of bitches and they're willing to pull anything." (16)

Joan Mellen, has carried out extensive research into the Odio incident. She claims that in an interview with Angelo Murgado she claimed he was "Angel" and "Leopoldo" was Bernardo de Torres. In an article published in 2005 she claimed that "Bernardo de Torres, who testified before the HSCA with immunity granted to him by the C.I.A., so that he was not questioned about the period of time leading up to the Kennedy assassination, as the C.I.A. instructed the Committee on what it could and could not ask this witness. Both the Warren Commission and the HSCA buried the anti-Castro theme, and never explored what Bobby (Kennedy) might have known." (17)

According to his daughter, Bernardo De Torres was employed by the CIA to investigate the assassination of John F. Kennedy: "Yes, he worked for several years with the CIA at uncovering all the possible people that were on the their list. At one time, they put him under the spot light and he was proved without a doubt that he had anything to do with it. He was actually in Florida with my stepmother at the time of the assassination and was working on his other job as military coordinator for Brigade 2506. It's located in Miami in Little Havana.... I think he came to a conclusion in his investigation and thinks he knows who were the people who killed JFK but doesn't like or want to deal with what he found because all of sudden he stopped researching and never spoke about it again. Normally he doesn't stop until he has found the answers." (18)

In 1966 Bernardo De Torres joined Jim Garrison in his investigation of the assassination of President Kennedy. William Turner, the author of Rearview Mirror: Looking Back at the FBI, the CIA and Other Tails (2001) has argued: "A veteran of the Bay of Pigs, De Torres showed up on Garrison's doorstep early in the probe, saying he was a private detective from Miami who wanted to help, and dropping the name of Miami DA Richard Gerstein, a friend of Garrison's, as an opener. In retrospect, Garrison remembered that every lead De Torres developed ended up in a box canyon. He also learned that De Torres was forwarding reports on his investigation to the Miami CIA station." (19)

Garrison asked Bernardo De Torres to find Eladio del Valle so he could be interviewed about the assassination. Del Valle, a wealthy former Cuban congressmen under Fulgencio Batista, had headed the Free Cuba Committee in Florida, and reportedly had links to Santos Trafficante. (20) He was also a close friend and associate of David Ferrie, another man who Garrison was investigating. "In the course of checking out all possible associates of Oswald's in the city, we discovered that the alleged assassin had been seen during the summer with a man named David Ferrie. I got my people on the telephones right away to investigate a possible Oswald-Ferrie relationship." (21) Del Valle had reportedly paid Ferrie $1,500 a mission to make air raids against Cuba. (22)

Dick Russell, while researching his book, On the Trail of the JFK Assassins (2008), interviewed Fabian Escalante, the former chief of Cuba's G-2 intelligence agency. According to Escalante: "Del Valle was in charge of narcotics in a town south of Havana, where he had business dealings with Santo Trafficante... We managed to penetrate this organization. We came to know a lot of plans for exile invasions, secret overflights to provide arms to internal rebel groups. David Ferrie was the pilot for some of these flights. One of our agents talked on many occasions with Del Valle, who in 1962 told him that Kennedy must be killed to solve the Cuban problem." (23)

Another member of this group was Herminio Diaz Garcia. He arrived in the United States in 1963 and that September the CIA considered recruiting him as an agent because of his ties to Efiigenio Amejeiras Delgado, Castro's vice-minister of the armed forces, who was reportedly conspiring with Rolando Cubela. As David Kaiser pointed out: "It is not clear from available files whether he was in fact recruited." (24) Diaz Garcia was killed on a penetration mission into Cuba on 29th May, 1966. (25)

Garrison became suspicious of De Torres and on 7th January, 1967, he ordered his staff "under no circumstances" to offer any information to him. Four days later he wrote at the top of one of De Torres' memos: "His reliability is not established." Garrison became convinced that De Torres was working for JM/WAVE, the Central Intelligence Agency station in Miami. Declassified documents show that De Torres gave the CIA's final report on Jim Garrison on 2nd March, 1967. According to Gaeton Fonzi, De Torres's CIA handler was Paul Bethel. (26)

Another researcher, Larry Hancock, has argued that "It certainly appears that De Torres’ role in the Garrison investigation is suspicious, and it supports Otero’s remarks to HSCA investigators that De Torres had ‘penetrated’ Garrison’s investigation. It also shows that De Torres had an agenda of his own in addition to getting intelligence about Garrison’s investigation and investigators. That agenda involved once again shifting attention to Fidel Castro and a Cuban hit team rather than the activities of the Cuban exiles." (27)

On 17th February, 1967, The New Orleans States-Item reported that Jim Garrison was investigating the assassination of Kennedy. It also said that one of the suspects was David Ferrie. Five days later Ferrie's body was found in his New Orleans apartment. Garrison pointed out that "suddenly the newspapers, the television, and the radio people had decided that Ferrie's death - and the possibility it may have resulted from suicide or foul play - may have validated my investigation." Although two suicide notes were found, the coroner did not immediately classify the death as a suicide, noting there were indications Ferrie may have suffered a brain hemorrhage. Eventually the coroner announced that Ferrie had died of "natural causes". (28)

Eladio del Valle was murdered in Miami on 22nd February, 1967. He had been shot in the heart at point-blank range, and his skull was split open. (29) Diego Gonzales Tendera, a close friend, later claimed Del Valle was murdered because of his involvement in the assassination of John F. Kennedy. (30) It has been suggested by Garrison's chief investigator, Louis Ivon, that Bernardo De Torres was involved in the killing. "Eladio del Valle's body was left in the vicinity of Bernardo De Torres's apartment." (31)

Larry Hancock has suggested that "Bernardo De Torres... diverted Garrison to a certain extent as well as aggressively re-introducing Castro suspicions. He did that with his insistent media promotion of a story pertaining to Secret Service fears of a Castro hit team in Miami during Kennedy's visit there shortly before the Texas trip. Between February 18 and February 22, the Garrison investigation received considerable unwanted publicity, much of it based upon inquiries within the Miami Cuban community as well as the involvement of Bernardo De Torres. De Torres was quite visible in his comments and declarations, eventually leading the whole matter off in a direction pointing at a threat against John Kennedy from Castro agents." (32)

After leaving the Garrison investigation De Torres went to work for Mitch WerBell as an arms salesman in Latin America. During an investigation of Juan Adames it was discovered that he had links with De Torres: "One of the areas Adames is talking about involves individuals who conspire to rob armouries in order to sell or exchange the weapons for narcotics, small time hoods with indirect connections to organized crime... When investigators asked him how he got involved with the gang, Adames said that one of the members happened to see in his apartment some documents which belonged to a close friend of his in the armaments business, Bernardo De Torres. They deal with the sale of weapons to the Mexican and Columbian governments and to the DEA in Mexico City. Torres is listed on one of the documents as 'Director of Operations for Central and South America' for the Military Armament Corporation. The Chairman of the Board of Military Armament Corporation is our old friend, Mitchell Livingston WerBell III. The pieces are coming together." (33)

According to Peter Dale Scott, De Torres also worked for Miguel Nazar Haro, the head of the powerful Mexican intelligence agency, Dirección Federal de Seguridad (DFS). De Torres reportedly provided Nazar's death squad with weapons. "In fact, it was common knowledge that when De Torres went to Mexico he was picked up at the airport by Nazar's personal limousine - without having to go through customs or immigration - and swiftly taken to Nazar's office." (34)

Gerry P. Hemming claimed that Bernardo de Torres offered him $25,000 to murder José Elías de la Torriente. "De Torres set up a lot of hits, and the problem was that they mostly favored Fidel's people. He approached me to take out Torriente but I said that domestic work on noncombatants wasn't my line - and moreover, I questioned exactly what was, and who had, the beef against this guy? (35)

Torriente was in fact murdered on 12th April, 1974: "José Elías de la Torriente was sitting in his home in Coral Gables, Florida, when he was shot and killed by an unknown assailant firing through the living room window. Torriente, a prominent local businessman, had crossed Miami's Cuban exile community after failing to follow through on plans to invade Cuba and overthrow Fidel Castro. His death marked the start of a period of political violence that would lead the FBI to call Miami the terrorist capital of the United States." (36)

In December 1975 it was reported: "De Torres recently returned to Miami, Florida from Panama and Costa Rica. De Torres is picking false press cards, written in English for use in Latin America. De Torres claims to have access to over $450,000 to make an investment for a quick profit. De Torres is planning a trip to Columbia on 7/12/75.... De Torres is suspected of arranging for the illegal importation of about 400,000 worth of contraband from Columbia, through Venezuela into the Florida area." (37)

Donald Freed has argued that De Torres attended a meeting on 29th June, 1976, at New England Oyster House in Carol Gables, Florida. Also at the meeting, under FBI surveillance, was Michael V. Townley, Armando Lopez Estrada and General Juan Manuel Contreras Sepulveda, the head of DINA, the secret police that had been set-up by Augusto Pinochet after the death of Salvador Allende. Freed believes this group of people were behind the assassination of Orlando Letelier on 21st September, 1976. (38)

Bernardo de Torres was due to appear before the House Select Committee on Assassinations (HSCA) on 2nd May, 1978. The previous day, G. Robert Blakey called a meeting to discuss Bernardo de Torres "who is purported to be a potential assassin and who was purported to be in Deadly Plaza on 23rd November." Blakey opened the meeting by "criticising the FBI for not notifying him (redacted) until 1 May even though De Torres had been subpoenaed for the last 30 days." Blakey also complained about the poor response to his request to see all De Torres' FBI files. (39)

William Turner claims in his book, Rearview Mirror: Looking Back at the FBI, the CIA and Other Tails (2001), that in 1977 the House Select Committee on Assassinations (HSCA) came to the conclusion that De Torres might have played a role in the death of John F. Kennedy. He quotes a HUCA report that said: "De Torres has pictures of Dealey Plaza in a safe-deposit box. These pictures were taken during the assassination of JFK". When he appeared before the HSCA De Torres denied any involvement in Kennedy's death. (40)

Gaeton Fonzi, was employed by the HSCA as a staff investigator. This involved him interviewing Rolando Otero, one of the most violent of the anti-Castro Cubans: "Otero said his source had told him that Lee Harvey Oswald was sent to Russia as a CIA agent. The decision to kill Kennedy was made before Oswald's return to the United States. Otero said he had no specific knowledge of the number involved, but his training led him to guess there were between thirty and thirty-five CIA operatives in Dallas on the day Kennedy was killed, including the actual hit team.... Otero said he understood that most of the final planning and coordination took place at meetings held in the Dallas YMCA Building, and he gave me the names of five Miami men who, according to his source, were involved in the plot. He said he didn't know the roles that four of them played, but the fifth, the one called Carlos, was in contact with Oswald and was posing as a photographer in Dealey Plaza on November 22nd." (41) Fonzi later admitted that Otero told him that "Carlos" was Bernardo De Torres. (42)

Bernardo De Torres became involved in the drug trade in Miami. Owen Band became one of his associates: "Bernardo de Torres was my friend, mentor, and at times my surrogate father. We met when I was floundering, a year after I had been dropped off the wait list at Harvard Law School and suffered a nervous breakdown.... Soon I was dabbling in the drug business to support my habit. I was even recruited to help unload a freighter full of marijuana anchored out in the Gulf Stream.... Bernie and I sat together, kept a room in the hotel above the club, womanized, snorted cocaine, and hung out with whichever cocaine trafficker or celebrity was visiting the club. He liked that I was college educated and Jewish like his son. I'd befriended several members of Brigade 2506 while working at Club Alexandre, especially Rafael Villaverde and the son of the former president of Cuba." (43)

Bernardo De Torres retired to Florida. According to his daughter (August 2006): "He lives a peaceful life in sunny Florida with his sister, a cat named cookie and his military trained German Shepard. That dog is seriously licensed to kill. He is divorced and has 4 children who are all spread out over the globe. We all get along even though most of us are from different mothers. He likes to drink his Coca Cola and bet at the dog track occasionally. He takes extremely good care of his health. He works out and even injects himself with vitamins. He is the leanest 72 year old you will ever know. I don't know why people think he lives in South America. He hates those places because to him they are third world countries. Granted he loves to travel but he won't waste him money there." (44)

In his final years De Torres became homeless and slept in Barnes Park. His friend Owen Band later recalled: "I could only speculate about how he came to this tragic situation. Bernie spent lavishly money on his friends. He didn't save much. Many of the people closest to him had died or, like me, moved on with their lives." De Torres was hit by a car in May 2018 while out walking and "stayed for six months in hospice care before dying in December." (45)

John Simkin (24th May, 2019)

(1) Owen Band, Miami New Times (13th May 2019)

(2) John Simkin, Education Forum (16th October, 2004)

(3) Farhad Manjoo, Salon Magazine (29th August, 2002)

(4) Google Watchdog (22nd February, 2012)

(5) John Simkin, Google, Bing and Operation Mockingbird: The CIA and Search-Engine Results (10th June, 2014)

(6) Larry Hancock, Someone Would Have Talked (2006) page 508

(7) John Simkin, email interview with Bernardo De Torres' daughter (August 2006)

(8) Gerry P. Hemming, Education Forum (11th November, 2005)

(9) Warren Hinckle & William Turner, Deadly Secrets: The CIA-Mafia War Against Castro and the Assassination of JFK (1992) pages 176-182

(10) Gaeton Fonzi, memorandum to Robert Tanenbaum, Deputy Chief Counsel for the House Select Committee on Assassinations (23rd May, 1977)

(11) Thomas Bethell, letter to Edward Jay Epstein (25th July, 1967)

(12) Gaeton Fonzi, The Last Investigation (1993) pages 109-110

(13) G. Robert Blakey and Richard Billings, The Plot to Kill the President (1981) pages 162-163

(14) Silvia Odio, testimony before the Warren Commission (22nd July, 1964)

(15) FBI agent, Leon Brown, interview with Loran Hall (16th September, 1964)

(16) David Talbot, Brothers: The Hidden History of the Kennedy Years (2007) pages 178-179

(17) Joan Mellen, Key West Citizen (2nd September, 2005)

(18) John Simkin, email interview with Bernardo De Torres' daughter (August 2006)

(19) William Turner, Rearview Mirror: Looking Back at the FBI, the CIA and Other Tails (2001) page 143

(20) Anthony Summers, The Kennedy Conspiracy (1980) page 319

(21) Jim Garrison, On the Trail of the Assassins (1988) page 6

(22) Jim Marrs, Crossfire: The Plot that Killed Kennedy (2013) page 474

(23) Dick Russell, On the Trail of the JFK Assassins (2008) page 221

(24) David Kaiser, The Road to Dallas (2008) page 403

(25) Larry Hancock, Someone Would Have Talked (2006) pages 362

(26) Joan Mellen, A Farewell to Justice (2013) page 88

(27) Larry Hancock, Someone Would Have Talked (2006) pages 347-348

(28) Jim Garrison, On the Trail of the Assassins (1988) page 142

(29) Anthony Summers, The Kennedy Conspiracy (1980) page 491

(30) Diego Gonzales Tendera, The National Enquirer (30th April, 1967)

(31) Louis Ivon, internal memo (26th February, 1967)

(32) Larry Hancock, Someone Would Have Talked (2006) page 508

(33) Gaeton Fonzi, memorandum to Robert Tanenbaum, Deputy Chief Counsel for the House Select Committee on Assassinations (23rd May, 1977)

(34) Peter Dale Scott, Cocaine Politics: Drugs, Armies, and the CIA in Central America (1998) page 35

(35) Gerry P. Hemming, Education Forum (11th November, 2005)

(36) Alan McPherson, Americas Quarterly (May 2019)

(37) Edwin Juan Lopez, memorandum, the House Select Committee on Assassinations (23rd May, 1978)

(38) Donald Freed, Death in Washington (1980) page 195

(39) Memorandum the House Select Committee on Assassinations (1st May, 1978)

(40) William Turner, Rearview Mirror: Looking Back at the FBI, the CIA and Other Tails (2001) page 143

(41) Gaeton Fonzi, The Last Investigation (1993) pages 233-234

(42) Larry Hancock, Someone Would Have Talked (2006) page 347

(43) Owen Band, Miami New Times (13th May 2019)

(44) John Simkin, email interview with Bernardo De Torres' daughter (August 2006)

(45) Owen Band, Miami New Times (13th May 2019)

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New Evidence in the Geli Raubal Case (10th November 2013)

Murder Cases in the Classroom (6th November 2013)

Major Truman Smith and the Funding of Adolf Hitler (4th November 2013)

Unity Mitford and Adolf Hitler (30th October 2013)

Claud Cockburn and his fight against Appeasement (26th October 2013)

The Strange Case of William Wiseman (21st October 2013)

Robert Vansittart's Spy Network (17th October 2013)

British Newspaper Reporting of Appeasement and Nazi Germany (14th October 2013)

Paul Dacre, The Daily Mail and Fascism (12th October 2013)

Wallis Simpson and Nazi Germany (11th October 2013)

The Activities of MI5 (9th October 2013)

The Right Club and the Second World War (6th October 2013)

What did Paul Dacre's father do in the war? (4th October 2013)

Ralph Miliband and Lord Rothermere (2nd October 2013)