Cornelius Beal

Carl Langbehn

Cornelius Clarke Beal was born in Lambeth, on 25th November 1868, the son of Elizabeth Bethell (1837-1914) and George Beal (1843-1884), a general labourer. George Beal and his wife Elizabeth produced at least six children. Cornelius was the third child and the eldest son. The couple's first-born child, Annie Elizabeth, died in 1868 at the age of three. The family lived in Bromley-by-Bow in the East London district of Poplar. (1)

In the eight square miles of the East End lived over 400,000 people in appalling housing. It was known for its overcrowded living spaces and high criminal activity. In the area of Whitechapel alone, the mortality rate for children under the age of five was around 60% mostly due to the tight living conditions. "The Medical Inspector for Whitechapel reported in 1873 that onefifth of the district's children died before they were one year 14 old and one-third before they were five. In a section of the district close to St Jude's, moreover, the rate of mortality of 15 children under five was as high as 61.1%. (2)

Thomas Henry Huxley described East London as joyless, a mass of starving, wretched, hopeless human beings", with some of its most vigorous inhabitants making no secret of their war against society." (3) Samuel Augustus Barnett and his wife, Henrietta Barnett moved to St Jude's, a parish in Whitechapel. Barnett argued that the people of East London "live without knowledge, without hope, and often without health." He added that "The needs of East London are often urged, but they are little understood". (4)

Cornelius Beal grew up with a sense of mission to help the people of the East End. In 1882, at the age of 14, he became a pupil teacher at St Anne's National School in Limehouse. After he finished his training he moved on to Park Elementary school in Stratford. He was a talented all-round sportsman and was keen to teach his pupils the skills of football and cricket. (5)

Samuel Augustus Barnett and Henrietta Barnett by Hubert von Herkomer
Samuel Augustus Barnett and Henrietta Barnett by Hubert von Herkomer

In December 1884 Samuel Augustus Barnett and his wife, Henrietta Barnett, established Toynbee Hall, based in Commercial Street, Spitalfields. It was Britain's first university settlement. It was named after their friend and social reformer, Arnold Toynbee, who had died when he was only thirty years old. The idea was to create a place where students from Oxford University and Cambridge University could work among, and improve the lives of the poor during their holidays. Barnett argued: All real progress must be by growth. The new must be a development of the old, and not a branch added on from another root. A change which does not fit into and grow out of things that already exist is not a practicable change." (6)

Cornelius Beal was a strong supporter of Toynbee Hall and became captain of its football team Toynbee Rovers. He also embraced its idea of improving elementary education in the East End. In 1888 he established the West Ham swimming club and worked closely with the Life-Saving Society. Beal was also an excellent cricketer and topped the batting averages for the well-known Arlington Cricket Club for twenty consecutive years. (7)

However, it was as a teacher that Corney Beal truly made his mark, as he turned Park School into a breeding ground for professional footballers. In fact, Park School eventually became known as West Ham's first academy of football. His first student who he helped to turn into a great footballer was Charlie Dove who joined the original Thames Ironworks team. As the East Ham Echo pointed out: "Born just over 19 years ago, Charles Dove first began his football career with Park School - a team that has always been classed as one of the finest schoolboy combinations. There he figured at full back and just by way of encouragement won two medals when playing in this position.... Three seasons ago joined the ranks of Thames Ironworks and has played with them ever since. Even when joining them his true position was not apparent. He played centre forward and full back and it was not until he had occupied nearly every place - with the exception of goal - that his worth as a right half was demonstrated. In this berth he plays a brilliant game." (8)

Syd King, who had received a very good grammar school education, was seen as more intelligent than most players and at the end of the 1901-02 season he was appointed as club secretary/manager. Beal developed a good relationship with King and kept him informed of talented players in the Park School team. The first of these important signings was George Webb. The co-owner of a toy factory he originally signed as an amateur for West Ham United in August 1905 and for the first few years he only played for the reserves. (9)

In 1910 Webb represented England at amateur level against Switzerland. The following year he played against Wales, Belgium, Germany and Holland. Webb won his first full international cap for England against Wales on 14th March 1911. Webb scored in England's 3-0 victory. Webb also played in the game against Scotland that was drawn 1-1 on 1st April 1911. He was described as "fast, had a great shot while a hefty physique made him even more redoubtable". In July 1912 Webb joined Manchester City in the First Division of the Football League. He had scored 32 cup and league goals for West Ham United. (10)

Primary Sources

(1) David Simkin, Family History Research (10th December, 2025)

Cornelius Clarke Beal was born in Lambeth, Surrey, on 25th November 1868, the son of Elizabeth Bethell (1837-1914) and George Beal (1843-1884), a general labourer from Buckland, Buckinghamshire. Cornelius's father George Beal was one of eight children born to Jane Smith and Jesse Beal, a farmer and licensed victualler.           

George Beal began his working life as an agricultural labourer, but he later moved from Buckinghamshire to London, where he rose to become the foreman of a sawmill. George Beal died in East London in 1884 at the relatively early age of 41. When Cornelius Beal got married he declared that his deceased father had been a "Manager of Work".

George Beal and his wife Elizabeth produced at least six children. Cornelius Clark was the third child and the eldest son. The couple's first-born child, Annie Elizabeth, died in 1868 at the age of three. The second child, Mary Ann Beal (born 1866, Aston Clinton, Buckinghamshire), was working as a ‘pupil teacher' at the age of 14. Cornelius Clarke Beal followed in his sister's footsteps and when the 1891 Census was carried out he was recorded as a 22-year-old " Assistant School Master and his older sister, Mary Ann, was described as a 24-year-old " Assistant School Mistress.

At the time of the 1891 Census, Cornelius's widowed mother and her four surviving children were living in Bromley-by-Bow in the East London district of Poplar. On 3rd February 1894, at All Hallows Church in East India Dock Road, Bromley-by-Bow, Cornelius Beal, described as a 25-year-old "School Master", married 29-year-old Mary Jane Edson. Born in Islington, North London, in 1864, the daughter of an engine driver, Mary Jane Edson, like Cornelius's older sister, had been employed as a "Pupil Teacher" and as an "Assistant School Mistress". The marriage of Cornelius Beal and Mary Jane Edson produced three children: (1) Charles Edward Beal (born 4th December 1894, West Ham) (2) Elsie May Beal (born 1898, West Ham) (3) John Beal (born 1900, Forest Gate)

At the time of the 1901 Census, Cornelius Beal and his family were residing at 54 Elmhurst Road, Forest Gate, East London. Thirty-two-year-old Cornelius C. Beal is recorded on the census return as a "Certificated Teacher". Cornelius Clarke Beal had been employed as a school master at Park School, East London since 1888, when he was a 20-year-old assistant school master.

By the time the next census was taken ten years' later on 2nd April 1911, Cornelius Clarke Beal, his wife, Mary Jane, and their three children, were living at 30 Salisbury Road, Forest Gate, East London. His two youngest children were still at school, but the eldest boy, 16-year-old Charles Edward Beal, was employed as a clerk by the Port of London Authority at the Victoria Docks in East London. On the 1911 Census form, 42-year-old Cornelius Clarke Beal     declared that he was working as a "Certificated Assistant School Master", employed by the West Ham Education Committee.

Cornelius Clarke Beal and his family were still residing at 30 Salisbury Road, Forest Gate, East London when the 1921 Census was carried out. On the 1921 census schedule 52-year-old Cornelius Clarke Beal revealed that his employment status was now "School Master" and that he was still teaching at Park School in West Ham. Cornelius Beal's eldest son, Charles Edward Beal, had married in 1913 and was now living with his wife, Ethel, and their 4-year-old daughter Irene at 18 Warwick Road, London, E.15. Cornelius's two younger children were still living at home with their parents. Twenty-three-year-old Elsie May Beal was employed as a "School Mistress" at Carpenter's Road School in West Ham, and 21-year-old John Beal was a Civil Service Clerk in the Statistical Department of the Board of Trade. Mrs Mary Jane Beal, Cornelius's wife, had returned to the teaching profession and was working as a      "School Mistress" at West Ham's Pelly Memorial School.

Cornelius Beal and his wife retired to the small Hertfordshire village of Long Marston, taking up residence at Park Villa in Astrope Lane. On Friday, 11th June 1937, Mrs Mary Jane Beal, at the age of 72, "after a long illness", died at her married daughter's house in North Harrow.

Cornelius Clarke Beal continued to live at Park Villa, 9 Astrope Lane, Long Marston, Hertfordshire, for the next 12 years. Cornelius Beal died at 91 High Road, Loughton, Essex, on 20th November 1949 at the age of 81. His married daughter, Mrs Elsie Faircloth, was named as executor of his will. (His eldest son, Charles Edward Beal, had died in 1943 at the age of 48, and his youngest son John Beal was possibly living abroad). Cornelius Beal's effects were valued at £130. 19s 10d.

(2) East Ham Echo (23 April 1898)

If not absolutely the finest right half back in Essex, the subject of our sketch is undoubtedly one of the most brilliant men in the country in that position.

Born just over 19 years ago, Charles Dove first began his football career with Park School - a team that has always been classed as one of the finest schoolboy combinations. There he figured at full back and just by way of encouragement won two medals when playing in this position.

Leaving school life he migrated to Forest Swift Juniors as a centre forward and subsequently captained the old Plaistow Melville.

He also figured in the lines of Upton Park and South West Ham and three seasons ago joined the ranks of Thames Ironworks and has played with them ever since.

Even when joining them his true position was not apparent. He played centre forward and full back and it was not until he had occupied nearly every place - with the exception of goal - that his worth as a right half was demonstrated. In this berth he plays a brilliant game.

(2) West Ham and South Essex Mail (9 May 1903)

At the West Ham police court on Thursday, Henry Evans, 32, a fishmonger, of 26 Temple Street, Leytonstone, was charged with being drunk and disorderly and assaulting Cornelius Beal, a schoolmaster, and Robert Cummingham, 42, a greengrocer, of Elmhurst Road, Forest Gate, was charged with resisting the police. On Wednesday night Evans, who was drunk, was behaving in a disorderly manner in Elmhurst Road, Forest Gate, and was arrested by Constable Mason, 647K. Then he became violent, and Cunningham came up and got him out of the grasp of the constable. The latter then called on Mr Beal to come to his assistance, and this he did, and the prisoners were got to the station, but not before Evans had dealt Mr Beal a violent blow in the eye. The prisoners now pleaded guilty, and made no defence. Evans was fined £2 inclusive, and Cunningham 15s. Mr Gillespie addressing Mr Beal said the court greatly appreciated the assistance he had rendered to the constable in arresting the prisoners.

(3) The Essex Times (29 December 1909)

For twenty-one years Mr Cornelius Beal has worked hard and successfully to inculcate a love for manly sports amo9ng the boys of the Park School. Previous to 1888 he attended St Michael's School, Poplar, better known in later years as Byron Street, and thus came under the influence of Mr Robert Wild, to whom Mr Beal is indebted for his tuition at the nets and in the water. As a footballer he played for Toynbee Rovers (captain), Bromley Swifts, and the old Waverley, but it is as a swimmer that "Corney" is famous. Since 1888 he has been connected with the West Ham swimming clubs, and holds the highest honours of the Life-Saving Society, including the diploma, gained in April 1906. There are only 25 holders of this in the world. As a cricketer he has excelled, winning prizes for batting, including the championship of the Victoria Park (1891), and since 1895 has generally been the top scorer for the well-known Arlington Cricket Club. In 1895 he won the silver cup for batting. During the past 21 years the Park School has been famous for its success in the realm of sport, winning the football championship six times. The season 1898-99 was the best when they won the championship of West Ham and London (Lower Shield). Among the clever players who have been trained by Mr Beal we may mention Charles Dove, Bros. Pearce (3), Frank Rist, Harold Halse, R  Halse, Sid Maclaglen, and R. Ewan. Their best goalkeeper was undoubtedly Herbert Russell, the lamented son of the genial Park Superintendent. The Park School has long been noted for the swimmers, very few boys leaving the school without a knowledge of natation. To provide funds for the sports Mr Beal has always organised concerts and galas, which have proved very enjoyable and successful. This year the school football teams is undefeated, and despite his long career as a trainer of "the young idea", Mr Beal is an enthusiastic as he was 21 years ago.  

(4) The Daily News (19 January 1926)

Angling at the Wilstone Reservoir, a square mile of water on Lord Rothschild's estate near Tring, Herts. Mr Cornelius C. Beal captured 55 pike, representing an aggregate weight of roughly 5 cwt., and containing, among other fine specimens, a pike of 26lb., which has been sent to Mr H. F. Homer, the Forest Gate taxidermist, to be cased. The catch represented 11 days' angling from boat and bank, and the seven largest fish brought home, outside the largest pike, which had been sent in advance, weighted over a hundredweight and included another fine specimen of nearly 20lb in weight, which has been presented to Mr. H. J. Wheatley, the Factories Inspector of West Ham. This is easily the record catch on the Wilstone Reservoir, which is said to contain a pike that scales at least 40lb.

(5) The Buckingham Herald (18 June 1937)

The funeral of Mrs M. J. Beal, wife of Mr Cornelius C. Beal of Park Villa, 7 Astrope Lane, Long Marston, who passed away at her daughter's house at North Harrow after a long illness on Friday, June 11 th , took place at the Pinner Cemetery on Monday in the presence of the whole of the family and many friends.

(6) The Buckingham Herald (1 October 1937)

The Park School, West Ham, has turned out many notable sportsmen, but Mr William Denis Litchfield, who has been a regular visitor to Lord Marston for the past five years was perhaps the greatest all round athlete that the school has ever known. He was a fine swimmer, a good football exponent, and a splendid cricketer, who once batted for an entire week on the school practice ground, and scored the prodigious total of 740 not out for which he received a medal, of which he is still the proud possessor. He was married on Saturday to Miss Maud Francis Grossmith at Christ Church, Hampstead, to which district her parents migrated from West Ham. Mr Cornelius C. Beal, the old schoolmaster and trainer of Denis was one of the guests, and he states that it was one of the prettiest weddings that he has ever attended.

(7) The Daily News (3 September 1942)

Cornelius Beal, a Morning Leader and The Star reporting writer and a member of the Star cricket team nearly 50 years ago, has just saved a 10-year-old boy from drowning. Beal, who is 74 years old, dived fully dressed into the Grand Union Canal near Wilston Bridge, brought the unconscious boy safely to the bank, and successfully applied artificial respiration. After the event the grand old man cycled home. He was none the worse for the experience, though water had leaked into and stopped his presentation gold watch. Beal, formerly a West Ham schoolmaster, now lives at Tring, Herts.

(8) Peter Morris, Puddy: The Life and Times of Syd Puddefoot (2025) pages 30

Cornelius Beal, or "Corney" as he was affectionally known by his many friends, was born in Lambeth in 1869. He started his teaching career as a pupil teacher at St Anne's National School in Limehouse, but soon moved on to Park Elementary school in Stratford. He was to stay at the school for the next 44 years, eventually becoming Headmaster. Mr Beal was a passionate all-round sportsman, winning awards for swimming, topping the batting averages for Arlington Cricket Club for twenty consecutive years, and playing football with distinction for prominent local amateur clubs Toynbee Rovers, Bromley Swifts and Waverley. But it was as a teacher that Corney Beal truly made his mark, as he turned Park School into a veritable breeding ground for professional footballers.

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References

(1) David Simkin, Family History Research (10th December, 2025)

(2) Emily K Abel, Canon Barnett and the first thirty years of Toynbee Hall (1969) page 18

(3) Asa Briggs, Toynbee Hall: The First Hundred Years (1984) page 19

(4) Samuel Augustus Barnett and Henrietta Barnett, Towards Social Reform (1909) page 285

(5) Peter Morris, Puddy: The Life and Times of Syd Puddefoot (2025) pages 30

(6) Henrietta Barnett, Canon Barnett: His Life Work and Friends (1918) page 163

(7) The Essex Times (29 December 1909)

(8) East Ham Echo (23 April 1898)

(9) Peter Morris, Puddy: The Life and Times of Syd Puddefoot (2025) pages 30

(10) Kirk Blows and Tony Hogg, The Essential History of West Ham United (2000) page 36