David Bywater
David Bywater was born in Leeds in 1815. Bywater was interviewed by Michael Sadler and his House of Commons Committee on 13th April, 1832. He explained how long he had to work: "We started at one o'clock on Monday morning, and then we went on again till eight o'clock, at breakfast time; then we had half an hour; and then we went on till twelve o'clock, and had half an hour for drinking; and then we stopped at half past eleven for refreshment for an hour and a half at midnight; and then we went on again till breakfast time, when we had half an hour; and then we went on again till twelve o'clock, at dinner time, and then we had an hour: and then we stopped at five o'clock again on Tuesday afternoon for half an hour for drinking; then we went on till past eleven, and then we gave over till five o'clock on Wednesday morning." Bywater claimed that this led to physical deformities: "It made me very crooked in my knees."
Primary Sources
(1) David Bywater was interviewed by Michael Sadler and his House of Commons Committee on 13th April, 1832.
Question: At what age were you when you entered upon night work in the steaming department?
Answer: I was nearly fourteen.
Question: Will you state to this committee the labour which you endured when you were put upon long hours.
Answer: We started at one o'clock on Monday morning, and then we went on again till eight o'clock, at breakfast time; then we had half an hour; and then we went on till twelve o'clock, and had half an hour for drinking; and then we stopped at half past eleven for refreshment for an hour and a half at midnight; and then we went on again till breakfast time, when we had half an hour; and then we went on again till twelve o'clock, at dinner time, and then we had an hour: and then we stopped at five o'clock again on Tuesday afternoon for half an hour for drinking; then we went on till past eleven, and then we gave over till five o'clock on Wednesday morning.
Question: Did you go home then?
Answer: No, we slept in the mill.
Question: How did you sleep in the mill?
Answer: We took all our clothes off, except our shirts, and got into the warmest part of the mill, and amongst the driest cloth we could.
Question: Did you take your meals standing?
Answer: Yes, we put our baskets on the boxes.
Question: Were you perfect in your limbs when you undertook that long and excessive labour?
Answer: Yes.
Question: What effect did it have on your limbs?
Answer: It made me very crooked in my knees.
Question: If you refused to work long hours, and wished to have worked a moderate length of time only, should you have been retained in your situation?
Answer: I should have had to go home. I should have been turned off directly.
Question: Have you received any information as to what will be the consequences of your having given evidence.
Answer: My overlooker told my brother that if I came to London I should never have any employment any more, nor my brother neither. My brother said he could not help it; but I expect that the first time he does a job which does not please that he will turn him away; because, if you work in a family, and one does wrong, the whole family must go.